{"id":41833,"date":"2025-07-22T12:50:01","date_gmt":"2025-07-22T10:50:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/?page_id=41833"},"modified":"2026-01-23T11:35:31","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T10:35:31","slug":"experiments","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/","title":{"rendered":"Almanac of geoscience experiments"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;3px|||||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h4><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/15-01-cloud.jpg\"><\/a><\/strong><strong>Almanac of geoscience experiments: 16 Engaging Activities to Enrich Geology Lessons\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2024-gfu-pokusy-predni-obalka-domaci-tisk.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-40226 alignright size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2024-gfu-pokusy-predni-obalka-domaci-tisk-300x212.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"94\" data-end=\"430\"><strong data-start=\"94\" data-end=\"430\">Geology often remains on the sidelines in school education, despite being key to understanding the world around us. For teachers looking to enrich their lessons in science, social studies, or geography, the <em data-start=\"303\" data-end=\"338\">Almanac of Geoscience Experiments<\/em> offers twelve simple activities that open a&nbsp;window into the fascinating world of geology.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"432\" data-end=\"842\">The experiments demonstrate various geological processes, such as the formation of volcanic calderas, erosion, tectonic plate movement, or the modeling of heat flow from Earth&#8217;s&nbsp;interior to the surface. Pupils can try folding rock layers, simulate erosion using sand and water, or observe how magma releases gases. Each experiment is designed to be quick and easy to prepare, using readily available materials.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"844\" data-end=\"975\">The almanac provides teachers with a&nbsp;practical and inspiring tool to make geology accessible and engaging for students of all ages.<\/p>\n<p>Almanac was created by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/kontakty\/seznam-pracovniku\/petr-broz\/\">Petr Bro\u017e<\/a> in collaboration with illustrator <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lucieskodova.cz\/\">Lucie \u0160kodov\u00e1<\/a> (Ajeejee). Text contributions were made by Mat\u011bj Machek, Ond\u0159ej Kr\u00fdza, Lenka \u0160pi\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1, Petr Zacharov and Kate\u0159ina Skripnikov\u00e1. The work is published under a&nbsp;free license and may be freely distributed and used for any purpose, provided the authors are credited (<em data-start=\"1310\" data-end=\"1365\">texts: Petr Bro\u017e et al., illustrations: Lucie \u0160kodov\u00e1<\/em>) and the <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a> license is preserved.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/20241216-110621-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-40301 alignright size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/20241216-110621-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Files for Home Home printing: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2025_EN_ALMANAC_16_GEOexperiments_PAGES.pdf\">sheets (PDF)<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2025_EN_ALMANAC_16_GEOexperiments_COVER.pdf%20\">cover page<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Files for Professional Printing<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2025_EN_ALMANAC_16_GEOexperiments_PROFI_PRINT.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41884\">experiment sheets<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2025_EN_ALMANAC_16_GEOexperiments_COVER_PROFI_PRINT_graphic.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41886\">front cover<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2025_EN_ALMANAC_16_GEOexperiments_COVER_PROFI_PRINT_cut_and_graphic.pdf\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41888\">front cover with cutout template<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Illustrations and Photos for Download:<\/strong> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Photos_2026.zip\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41890\">photos<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/FOTA.zip\">, <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Illustrations_2026.zip\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-41892\">illustrations<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1) How are volcanic calderas formed?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-01-aniakchak-caldera-alaska.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41896 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-01-aniakchak-caldera-alaska-300x227.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"227\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-01-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41898 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-01-2-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-01-3-a.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41902 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-01-3-a-300x179.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"179\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-01-3-b.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41904 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-01-3-b-300x179.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"179\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-01-3-c.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41906 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-01-3-c-300x179.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"179\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2) Why do some volcanos erupt but only lava flows from others?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-02-vollcanic-actvity.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41908 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-02-vollcanic-actvity-300x285.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"285\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-02-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41910 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-02-2-300x226.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-02-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41912 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-02-3-233x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"233\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3) How does magma rise through the Earth\u00b4s crust?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-03-makhtesh-ramon-geological-dike.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41914 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-03-makhtesh-ramon-geological-dike-183x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"183\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-03-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41916 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-03-2-229x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"229\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-03-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41918 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-03-3-258x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"258\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4) How does the Earth transfer heat from its core to its surface?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-04-convection.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41920 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-04-convection-284x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"284\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-04-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41922 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-04-2-300x161.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"161\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-04-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41924 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-04-3-300x249.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"249\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>5) Why does the seafloor spread?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-05-earth-seafloor-crust-age.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41926 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-05-earth-seafloor-crust-age-300x212.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-05-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41928 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-05-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-05-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41930 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-05-3-300x126.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"126\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-05-4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41932 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-05-4-300x162.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"162\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>6) Why do some volcanic centres migrate?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-06-hawaii-hotspot.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41934 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-06-hawaii-hotspot-300x148.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"148\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-06-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41936 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-06-2-300x117.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"117\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-06-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41938 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-06-3-300x182.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"182\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>7) Why are mountains folded?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-07-senhora-do-salto-fold-by-nuno-correia.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41940 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-07-senhora-do-salto-fold-by-nuno-correia-300x224.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-07-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41942 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-07-2-300x285.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"285\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-07-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41944 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-07-3-206x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"206\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>8) How are rift valleys formed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-08-lakes-of-africa.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41946 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-08-lakes-of-africa-270x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-08-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41948 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-08-2-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-08-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41950 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-08-3-300x216.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"216\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>9) Why are some rocks folded?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-09-1-granite-filip-tomek-granit.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41952 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-09-1-granite-filip-tomek-granit-300x296.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"296\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-09-2-gneiss-filip-tomek.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41954 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-09-2-gneiss-filip-tomek-300x211.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"211\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-09-3-orthogneiss-geopark.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41956 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-09-3-orthogneiss-geopark-300x230.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-09-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41958 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-09-2-300x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-09-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41960 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-09-3-300x136.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"136\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>10) Why does the earth beneath your feet liquify during an earthquake?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-10-ground-liquefaction.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41962 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-10-ground-liquefaction-211x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"211\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-10-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41964 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-10-2-300x266.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"266\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-10-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41966 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-10-3-223x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"223\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>11) How do earthquakes originate?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-11-san-francisco-earthquake-1906.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41968 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-11-san-francisco-earthquake-1906-300x214.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-11-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41970 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-11-2-300x232.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"232\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-11-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41972 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-11-3-300x261.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"261\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>12) A&nbsp;table-top river system<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-12-waimakariri-river.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41974 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-12-waimakariri-river-300x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"253\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-12-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41976 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp-12-3-230x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp12-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-41978 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/cas-exp12-2-300x205.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"205\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>13)\u00a0 How is it possible for large hailstones to form in clouds?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/13-01-hailstone.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/13-01-hailstone-300x243.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"243\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43467 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-13-02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-13-02-300x266.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"266\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43475 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-13-03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-13-03-233x300.jpg\" width=\"233\" height=\"300\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43477 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>14) Why do rainbows form?<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/14-01-double-alaskan-rainbow.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/14-01-double-alaskan-rainbow-300x177.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"177\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43469 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-14-02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-14-02-300x265.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"265\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43479 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-14-03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-14-03-300x194.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43481 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>15) Why do clouds form?<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/15-01-cloud.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/15-01-cloud-300x202.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43471 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-15-02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-15-02-288x300.jpg\" width=\"288\" height=\"300\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43483 alignnone size-medium\" \/> <\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-15-03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-15-03-300x173.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43486 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-15-02.jpg\"><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-15-02.jpg\"><\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-15-02.jpg\"><\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>16) Do tornados always rotate in the same direction?<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/16-01-f5-tornado-elie-manitoba-2007.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/16-01-f5-tornado-elie-manitoba-2007-300x253.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"253\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43473 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-16-02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-16-02-215x300.jpg\" width=\"215\" height=\"300\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43487 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-16-03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/cas-exp-16-03-300x177.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"177\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43489 alignnone size-medium\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Almanac of geoscience experiments: 16 Engaging Activities to Enrich Geology Lessons\u00a0 Geology often remains on the sidelines in school education, despite being key to understanding the world around us. For teachers looking to enrich their lessons in science, social studies, or geography, the Almanac of Geoscience Experiments offers twelve simple activities that open a&nbsp;window [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":40395,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[161,128],"tags":[175],"class_list":["post-41833","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-outreach-culture","category-uncategorized-cs-en","tag-popularizace-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Almanac of geoscience experiments - Geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, v.v.i.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Almanac of geoscience experiments - Geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, v.v.i.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Almanac of geoscience experiments: 16 Engaging Activities to Enrich Geology Lessons\u00a0 Geology often remains on the sidelines in school education, despite being key to understanding the world around us. For teachers looking to enrich their lessons in science, social studies, or geography, the Almanac of Geoscience Experiments offers twelve simple activities that open a window [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dom\u016f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GFUAVCR\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-23T10:35:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/banner-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"397\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/\",\"name\":\"Almanac of geoscience experiments - Geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, v.v.i.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/banner-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-07-22T10:50:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-23T10:35:31+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/banner-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/banner-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":397},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\u016f\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Almanac of geoscience experiments\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/\",\"name\":\"Dom\u016f\",\"description\":\"Geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, v.v.i.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Almanac of geoscience experiments - Geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, v.v.i.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Almanac of geoscience experiments - Geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, v.v.i.","og_description":"Almanac of geoscience experiments: 16 Engaging Activities to Enrich Geology Lessons\u00a0 Geology often remains on the sidelines in school education, despite being key to understanding the world around us. For teachers looking to enrich their lessons in science, social studies, or geography, the Almanac of Geoscience Experiments offers twelve simple activities that open a window [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/","og_site_name":"Dom\u016f","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GFUAVCR\/","article_modified_time":"2026-01-23T10:35:31+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":397,"url":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/banner-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/","name":"Almanac of geoscience experiments - Geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, v.v.i.","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/banner-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2025-07-22T10:50:01+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-23T10:35:31+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/banner-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/banner-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":397},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/experiments\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Dom\u016f","item":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Almanac of geoscience experiments"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/","name":"Dom\u016f","description":"Geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, v.v.i.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/41833","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41833"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/41833\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43496,"href":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/41833\/revisions\/43496"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ig.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}